directx 9 draw 3d line

DirectX9: Texture Basics

I. Introduction

Texture mapping is a technique for imparting the image data is triangular

In Direct3D texture throughIDirect3DTexture9 Represents interface, a textured surface is a matrix of pixels is mapped on the triangle

II. Texture coordinates

Direct3D texture coordinate using a arrangement, which is the horizontal direction ofuAxis (to the right as positive) and the vertical managementv Axis (positive downward) configuration

// texture coordinate system representation

struct Vertex

{

　　float _x, _y, _z;

　　float _nx, _ny, _nz;

　　float _u, _v;

　　static const DWORD FVF;
};

const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_NORMAL | D3DFVF_TEX1;

III. Creating Textures

1.D3DXCreateTextureFromFile()

Texture information can exist read from the prototype file stored on disk, insertIDirect3DTexture9 Abstruse Textures type

Supported image formats: BMP DDS DIB JPG PNG TGA

HRESULT D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(

　　LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice,

　　LPCSTR pSrcFile,

　　LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* ppTexture

);

HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::SetTexture(

　　DWORD Phase,

　　IDirect3DBaseTexture9* pTexture

);

              // create a texture IDirect3Dtexture9* _stonewall; D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(_device, "stonewall.bmp", &_stonewall);   // ready the texture Device->SetTexture(0, _stonewall);

IV. Filter

Textures are mapped onto the screen triangle, and the triangle is not possible as big as texture, when the need arises to deformation texture, it is necessary withfilter(Filtering) to make a smooth deformation technology

Direct3D provides three different filters, each level of quality and speed vary

1.Nearest point sampling

The default filtering method, the worst quality, fastest

              Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT); Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);

ii.Linear filtering

Recommended, good filtering consequence generated

              Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR); Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

three.Anisotropic filtering

Filtration yielded the best quality, the longest processing fourth dimension

              Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC); Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_ANISOTROPIC);

4.Mipmaps filter

If the video card supports Mipmaps, Direct3D volition automatically select the best match of the triangular Mipmap

              Device-> SetSamplerState (0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE); // do not use mipmap
Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);                
Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

V. Addressing Modes

Between the texture coordinates must be specified in [0, 1]

Direct3D There are four addressing modes: Surround texture addressing manner edge color texture addressing mode taken texture image texture addressing way addressing fashion

1. environment texture addressing way (wrap address style)

              if (::GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000f) {     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_WRAP);     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_WRAP);    }

2. Edge Colour texture addressing mode (border color accost mode)

              if (::GetAsyncKeyState('B') & 0x8000f) {     Device>SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER);     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER);     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_BORDERCOLOR, 0x000000ff); }

iii. Intercept texture addressing mode (clamp address mode)

              if (::GetAsyncKeyState('C') & 0x8000f) {     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP); }

4. Mirror texture addressing manner (mirror address way)

              if (::GetAsyncKeyState('Thou') & 0x8000f) {     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR);     Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR); }

VI. Examples

i. Do non filter textures

              #include "d3dUtility.h"  IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;  const int Width = 640; const int Elevation = 480;  IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Quad = 0; IDirect3DTexture9* Tex = 0;  struct Vertex { 	Vertex(){}  	float _x, _y, _z; 	bladder _nx, _ny, _nz; 	float _u, _v;  	Vertex(bladder 10, float y, float z, 		  bladder nx, float ny, bladder nz, 		  float u, float v) 	{ 		_x = x; _y = y; _z = z; 		_nx = nx; _ny = ny; _nz = nz; 		_u = u; _v = 5; 	}  	static const DWORD FVF; };  const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_NORMAL | D3DFVF_TEX1;  bool Setup() { 	Device->CreateVertexBuffer( 		vi * sizeof(Vertex), 		D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, 		Vertex::FVF, 		D3DPOOL_MANAGED, 		&Quad, 		0);  	Vertex* v; 	Quad->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&v, 0);  	five[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, -i.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -ane.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); 	five[1] = Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -one.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); 	five[two] = Vertex(i.0f, one.0f, i.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, i.0f, 0.0f);  	5[iii] = Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -i.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); 	5[iv] = Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -ane.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); 	v[v] = Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, i.0f, one.0f);  	Quad->Unlock();  	 // Load the texture file 	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(Device, "a.bmp", &Tex); 	Device->SetTexture(0, Tex);  	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR); 	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR); 	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);  	Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, fake);  	D3DXMATRIX proj; 	D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( 		&proj, 		D3DX_PI * 0.5f, 		(float)Width / (float)Height, 		1.0f, 		g.0f); 	Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);  	render truthful; }  void Cleanup() { 	d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Quad); 	d3d::Release<IDirect3DTexture9*>(Tex); }  bool Display(float timeDelta) { 	if (Device) 	{  		Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0); 		Device->BeginScene();  		Device->SetStreamSource(0, Quad, 0, sizeof(Vertex)); 		Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF); 		Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 2);  		Device->EndScene(); 		Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0); 	} 	render true; }

2. texture filtering

              #include "d3dUtility.h"  // // Globals //  IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;  const int Width = 640; const int Height = 480;  IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Quad = 0; IDirect3DTexture9* Tex = 0;    // vertex format struct Vertex { 	Vertex(){} 	Vertex( 		float ten, float y, float z, 		float nx, float ny, float nz, 		float u, float v) 	{ 		_x = x; _y = y; _z = z; 		_nx = nx; _ny = ny; _nz = nz; 		_u = u; _v = v; 	}  	bladder _x, _y, _z; 	float _nx, _ny, _nz; 	bladder _u, _v;  	static const DWORD FVF; };  const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_NORMAL | D3DFVF_TEX1;  // // Framework Functions //  bool Setup() {   	 // Create the vertex buffer 	Device->CreateVertexBuffer( 		six * sizeof(Vertex), 		D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, 		Vertex::FVF, 		D3DPOOL_MANAGED, 		&Quad, 		0);  	Vertex* v; 	Quad->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&5, 0);  	v[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -one.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f); 	v[one] = Vertex(-ane.0f,  1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -one.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); 	v[ii] = Vertex( 1.0f,  one.0f, i.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, three.0f, 0.0f);  	five[three] = Vertex(-i.0f, -1.0f, ane.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f); 	v[4] = Vertex( ane.0f,  ane.0f, one.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -one.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f); 	v[5] = Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -ane.0f, 3.0f, iii.0f);  	Quad->Unlock();  	// 	// Create the texture and set texture 	//  	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( 		Device, 		"a.bmp", 		&Tex);  	Device->SetTexture(0, Tex);  	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR); 	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR); 	Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);  	// 	// Don't use lighting for this sample 	//  	Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, fake);  	// 	// Prepare the projection matrix 	//  	D3DXMATRIX proj; 	D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( 		&proj, 		D3DX_PI * 0.5f, 		(float)Width / (float)Height, 		1.0f, 		g.0f); 	Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);  	render true; }  void Cleanup() { 	d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Quad); 	d3d::Release<IDirect3DTexture9*>(Tex); }  bool Display(bladder timeDelta) { 	if (Device) 	{ 		// 		// Update the scene 		//  		// set wrap address manner 		if (::GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000f) 		{ 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_WRAP); 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_WRAP); 		}  		// set border color address way 		if (::GetAsyncKeyState('B') & 0x8000f) 		{ 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER); 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER); 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_BORDERCOLOR, 0x000000ff); 		}  		// set clamp address mode 		if (::GetAsyncKeyState('C') & 0x8000f) 		{ 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP); 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP); 		}  		// ready mirror accost mode 		if (::GetAsyncKeyState('K') & 0x8000f) 		{ 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR); 			Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR); 		}  		// 		// Describe the scene 		//  		Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0); 		Device->BeginScene();  		Device->SetStreamSource(0, Quad, 0, sizeof(Vertex)); 		Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF); 		Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, ii);  		Device->EndScene(); 		Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);  	} 	return true; }

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